370-Hepatitis B : Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis B: Diagnosis and Treatment for complete healing
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What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis B is known as a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). For most people, hepatitis B is short-term, also called acute, and lasts less than six months. But for others, the infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months. Having chronic hepatitis B increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer, or cirrhosis a condition that constantly scars the liver. Most adults with hepatitis B recover fully, even if their symptoms are severe. Infants and children are more likely to build up a long-lasting hepatitis B infection. This is known as a chronic infection.
Types of Hepatitis
According to research and health care centers reports, there are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D, and E. These 5 types are of greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death they cause and the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. In addy to Autoimmune hepatitis and Neonatal hepatitis but the most common ones are Hepatitis A, B, and C.
Symptoms of Hepatitis B
People with hepatitis may not develop any symptoms. However, if they do, they may experience:
- fever
- nausea
- vomiting
- loss of appetite
- abdominal pain
- joint pain
- dark urine
- pale stools
- diarrhea
- malaise and fatigue
- jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
Diagnosis
Your healthcare provider will examine you and look for signs of liver damage, such as yellowing skin or belly pain. Tests that can help diagnose hepatitis B or its complications are:
- Blood tests. Blood tests can detect signs of the hepatitis B virus in your body and tell your provider whether it’s acute or chronic. A simple blood test can also determine if you’re immune to the condition.
- Liver ultrasound. A special ultrasound called transient elastography can show the amount of liver damage.
- Liver biopsy. Your provider might remove a small sample of your liver for testing to check for liver damage. This is called a liver biopsy. During this test, your provider inserts a thin needle through your skin and into your liver and removes a tissue sample for laboratory analysis.
Scanning for Hepatitis B: Diagnosis and Treatment
Healthcare providers sometimes test certain healthy people for hepatitis B infection because the virus can damage the liver before causing signs and symptoms. Talk to your provider about screening for hepatitis B infection if you:
- Are pregnant
- Live with someone who has hepatitis B
- Have had many sexual partners
- Have had sex with someone who has hepatitis B
- Are a man who has sex with men
- Have a history of a sexually transmitted illness
- Have HIV or hepatitis C
- Have a liver enzyme test with unexplained abnormal results
- Receive kidney dialysis
- Take medications that suppress the immune system, such as those used to prevent rejection after an organ transplant
- Use illegal injected drugs
- Are in prison
- Were born in a country where hepatitis B is common, including Asia, the Pacific Islands, Africa, and Eastern Europe
- Have parents or adopted children from places where hepatitis B is common, including Asia, the Pacific Islands, Africa, and Eastern Europe
More Information
- Liver biopsy
- Liver function tests
Treatments
If you know you’ve been exposed to the hepatitis B virus, call your healthcare provider immediately. It is important to know whether you have been vaccinated for hepatitis B. Your healthcare provider will want to know when you were exposed and what kind of exposure you had. An injection of immunoglobulin (an antibody) given within 24 hours of exposure to the virus may help protect you from getting sick with hepatitis B. Because this treatment only provides short-term protection, you also should get the hepatitis B vaccine at the same time if you never received it.
Acute hepatitis B treatment
When your provider determines your hepatitis B infection is acute, that means it is short-lived and will go away on its own you may not need treatment. Instead, your provider might recommend rest, proper nutrition, plenty of fluids, and close monitoring while your body fights the infection. In severe cases, antiviral drugs or a hospital stay is needed to prevent complications.
Treatment against chronic hepatitis B
Most people diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B infection need treatment for the rest of their lives. The decision to start treatment depends on many factors, including if the virus is causing inflammation or scarring of the liver, also called cirrhosis; if you have other infections, such as hepatitis C or HIV; or if your immune system is suppressed by medicine or illness. Treatment helps reduce the risk of liver disease and prevents you from passing the infection to others.
Treatment for chronic hepatitis B may include:
- Antiviral medications. Several antiviral medicines including entecavir (Baraclude), tenofovir (Viread), lamivudine (Epivir), adefovir (Hepsera), and telbivudine can help fight the virus and slow its ability to damage your liver. These drugs are taken by mouth. Your provider may recommend combining two of these medications or taking one of these medications with interferon to improve treatment response.
- Interferon injections. Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) is a man-made version of a substance produced by the body to fight infection. It’s used mainly for young people with hepatitis B who wish to avoid long-term treatment or women who might want to get pregnant within a few years, after completing a finite course of therapy. Women should use contraception during interferon treatment. Interferon should not be used during pregnancy. Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, and depression.
- Liver transplant. If your liver has been severely damaged, a liver transplant may be an option. During a liver transplant, the surgeon removes your damaged liver and replaces it with a healthy liver. Most transplanted livers come from deceased donors, though a small number come from living donors who donate a portion of their livers
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